Articles | Volume 11, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-11-371-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-11-371-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Oct 2020
Research article |
| 27 Oct 2020
| 27 Oct 2020
Interfacial microstructures and properties of hyper-eutectic Al–21Si / hypo-eutectic Al–7.5Si bimetallic material fabricated by liquid–liquid casting route
Mohamed Ramadan
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering,
University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440 Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI),
Cairo, Egypt
Abdulaziz S. Alghamdi
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering,
University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440 Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
Related subject area
Subject: Machining and Manufacturing Processes | Techniques and Approaches: Experiment and Best Practice
Short communication: Part contour error prediction based on LSTM neural network
Drilling performance analysis of impregnated micro bit
Short communication: Experiment study on micro-textured tool with internal cooling
The three-point eccentric magnetorheological polishing technology for hard brittle alumina ceramics
Experimental study of the tribological characteristics of a honed cylinder liner during the running-in process
Research on the smooth velocity control of a driving switching process of a new pneumatic electric hybrid actuator
Influence of geometric attributes on friction coefficient in sheet metal stamping
Industrial robot-based system design of thickness scanning measurement using ultrasonic
The effect of rubber powder additives on mechanical properties of polypropylene glass-fiber-reinforced composite
Experimental measurement of the cutting forces and wear of the drill in processing X17CrNi16-2 martensitic stainless steel
Research on a UV-assisted chemical modification strategy for monocrystalline silicon
Formation mechanism analysis and experimental investigation of single-step printing customized circuits by liquid-metal direct writing
Investigation of drilling 2D Cf∕C–SiC composites with brazed diamond core drills
Statistical analysis of energy consumption, tool wear and surface roughness in machining of Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) under dry, wet and cryogenic conditions
Tool Wear Progression and its Effect on Energy Consumption in Turning of Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)
Analysis of Burr Formation in Low Speed Micro-milling of Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)
A modified ball screw lapping method and optimized lapping factors for ideal surface quality
A novel non-contact measuring system for the thread profile of a ball screw
Comparative experimental investigation and gap flow simulation in electrical discharge drilling using new electrode geometry
Study on the tool wear of 3-D elliptical vibration cutting
Friction Stir Welding of AA2024-T3 plate – the influence of different pin types
The influence of water jet diameter and bone structural properties on the efficiency of pure water jet drilling in porcine bone
Yun Zhang, Guangshun Liang, Cong Cao, Yun Zhang, and Yan Li
Mech. Sci., 14, 15–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-14-15-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-14-15-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A contour error prediction model based on LSTM (long short-term memory) is established. By inputting power, vibration signal, and temperature values, the contour error of parts can be predicted to adjust the feed speed in real time. In this way, we can obtain not only higher machining accuracy, but also higher machining efficiency and reduce the scrap rate. The model is compared with other models, and the optimal model is selected to obtain the optimal prediction effect.
Dongdong Song, Zhangping Ren, Yingxin Yang, Yousheng Chen, Gao Nie, Leichuan Tan, Hao Peng, Zijie Li, Xiaojing Chen, Meng Li, Haitao Ren, and Long Zuo
Mech. Sci., 13, 867–875, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-13-867-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-13-867-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper studies the rock breaking efficiency and wear resistance under different rock samples by researching the particle size and concentration of diamond cutting elements, and obtains the influence law of particle size and concentration on rock breaking efficiency and wear resistance under different rock samples. The research results have guiding significance for the design of impregnated diamond in high abrasive and difficult formations.
Gang Yang and Wei Feng
Mech. Sci., 13, 619–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-13-619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-13-619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Under the condition of high temperature, high pressure and severe friction, the micro-texture hole or groove will be filled with chips quickly and lose its function. The texture with a larger aperture is made on the tool rake face, which is connected with the internal cooling hole so as to achieve the functions of cooling, lubricating, reducing friction, changing chip state, reducing cutting force, prolonging tool life and reducing production cost during rough machining.
Cheng Zheng, Bingsan Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Yongchao Xu, and Shangchao Hung
Mech. Sci., 13, 473–483, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-13-473-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-13-473-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the high hardness of alumina ceramics, the gap in magnetorheological polishing efficiency is very low. The three-point magnetorheological polishing method is designed, which has a strong magnetic field generator and pressure polishing characteristics. The surface microstructure and surface quality of the polished alumina ceramics under different process parameters were studied, and the optimal process parameters were obtained by analysis.
Jianxiong Kang, Yanjun Lu, Bin Zhao, Cheng Jiang, Pengzhou Li, Hongbo Luo, and Yongfang Zhang
Mech. Sci., 13, 101–110, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-13-101-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-13-101-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In order to improve the antiwear performance of the cylinder liner, friction and wear during the running-in process are investigated. Friction and wear tests are designed under different operating conditions, and the coefficient of friction (COF) and surface profile are measured. The influences of load and runtime on the COF and surface morphology are serious, and proper loading can reduce the running-in time. This research can provide support for theoretical research on cylinder liners.
Jiabin Yang and Xiaoning Li
Mech. Sci., 12, 971–982, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-971-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-971-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The new pneumatic–electric hybrid actuator with pneumatic and electric driving modes has the problem of speed fluctuation in the process of driving switching. This affects the stability in the positioning process. In order to solve this problem, the motion characteristics of piston rod in pneumatic locking are studied. A relay and run strategy is proposed to solve the problem of speed fluctuation.
Dewang Zhao, Kunmin Zhao, Huaihao Song, Daxin Ren, and Ying Chang
Mech. Sci., 12, 945–958, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-945-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-945-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A universal test-machine-based mechanically driven friction device was designed and manufactured. Friction tests were conducted on a third-generation high-strength steel QP980 with flat and curved dies at different pulling speeds and clamping forces. The formula for calculating the friction coefficients between curved contact surfaces was derived.
Haibo Liu, Baoliang Liu, Meng Lian, Pingping Li, Tianran Liu, Te Li, and Yongqing Wang
Mech. Sci., 12, 479–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-479-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-479-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents an industrial robot-aided ultrasonic thickness measurement system to meet the needs of precise and efficient wall thickness measurement of large thin-walled parts. The hardware platform of the system is established with the designed reliable and contactless ultrasonic device integrated into an industrial robot. It was experimentally proven that the proposed method has a positive significance for improving the accuracy and efficiency of thickness measurement.
Abdelaal M. Elhousari, Maher Rashad, Ammar H. Elsheikh, and Montasser Dewidar
Mech. Sci., 12, 461–469, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-461-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-461-2021, 2021
Adrian Sorin Rosca, Nicolae Craciunoiu, Ionut Daniel Geonea, and Leonard Ciurezu Gherghe
Mech. Sci., 12, 269–287, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-269-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-269-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the design of a dynamometer, with a one-spoked wheel elastic component, to measure the drilling thrust force and drilling moment. After manufacturing, a calibration operation is conducted, and tests are performed by measuring the drilling forces, thrust, and torque on American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 1020 steel. Tool wear is studied, and the results are presented in the paper. Obtained results demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of this measuring instrument.
Yinghui Ren, Kexin Li, Wei Li, Xu Han, and Xiaoman Liu
Mech. Sci., 12, 133–141, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-133-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-133-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In order to improve modification effectiveness, a novel UV-assisted chemical modification (UVA-CM) strategy is proposed based on UV photocatalytic theory, which contributes to developing a novel hybrid chemo-mechanical process monocrystalline silicon. A series of comparative experiments was performed to evaluate modification effectiveness among different strategies. The results show that the liquid–solid chemical modification effect is obviously enhanced through UV advanced oxidation reactions.
Yan Pu Chao, Hao Yi, Hui Cen, and Yao Hui Li
Mech. Sci., 12, 143–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-143-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-143-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Liquid-metal direct writing is a cost-effective and green technology, which is very promising for the customized fabrication of flexible circuits and functional devices. The smooth flowing and conveying of liquid-metal ink are still huge challenges that need significant attention. In this paper, the force mechanism of liquid-metal ink transported by ball rotation and translation of the printing head was analyzed. The flexible complex circuit and functional electronic pattern were printed.
Qiong Liu, Guoqin Huang, and Yongchao Xu
Mech. Sci., 11, 349–356, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-11-349-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-11-349-2020, 2020
Muhammad Ali Khan, Syed Husain Imran Jaffery, Mushtaq Khan, Muhammad Younas, Shahid Ikramullah Butt, Riaz Ahmad, and Salman Sagheer Warsi
Mech. Sci., 10, 561–573, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-10-561-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-10-561-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The paper provides a comparative study of dry, wet and cryogenic turning of Ti-6Al-4V. Usually, it is recommended that titanium should be machined under lubrication, however, conventional lubricants are considered carcinogenic and health hazards. In this regard, cryogenic cooling using liquid Nitrogen provides an environment friendly option to machine Titanium based alloys.
Muhammad Younas, Syed Husain Imran Jaffery, Mushtaq Khan, Riaz Ahmad, Liaqat Ali, Zarak Khan, and Aftab Khan
Mech. Sci., 10, 373–382, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-10-373-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-10-373-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This research work correlates the wear progression and Specific Cutting Energy (SCE) in turning Ti-6Al-4V alloy using H13 tools (uncoated carbide) in dry conditions from low to high cutting speeds. Flank wear growth of the tool has been investigated at different length of cuts in correlation with the SCE under different cutting conditions. The useful tool life was found to be shorter at high-speed machining conditions, as compared to low-speed machining conditions.
Gulfam Ul Rehman, Syed Husain Imran Jaffery, Mushtaq Khan, Liaqat Ali, Ashfaq Khan, and Shahid Ikramullah Butt
Mech. Sci., 9, 231–243, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-9-231-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-9-231-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The research into micro machining of advanced alloys finds its applications in the aerospace, automotive, biomedical and healthcare and other industrial areas. One of the major concern is to produce parts at micro level without further rework, specifically surface finish. In order to achieve this, suitable process parameters and machining strategy needs to be identified for advanced alloy. The research presented here focuses on this aspect of the machining of Titanium Alloy.
Leilei Zhao, Hutian Feng, and Jun Jin
Mech. Sci., 9, 221–230, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-9-221-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-9-221-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this study is finding a modified lapping method to improve the lapping effect, increase efficiency and change the present labor-intensive situation. In this study, a modified lapping tool was designed and it was designed to fit on a specially designed friction torque test machine. In addition, a set of orthogonal experiments were designed to capture the effects of four main lapping factors: friction torque, abrasive particulate size, lapping time and the rotational speed.
Leilei Zhao, Hutian Feng, and Qianfeng Rong
Mech. Sci., 9, 15–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-9-15-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-9-15-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
An automatic, non-contact measuring system for the thread profile of a ball screw was developed. It is capable of measuring most common features of the ball screw thread profile and can measure ball screws of different sizes and lengths. The accuracy of the measuring system was verified by comparing the image from the system with the image from the reference instrument and then, different ball screws were compared and evaluated, which was the main purpose of designing such a measuring system.
Ali Tolga Bozdana and Nazar Kais Al-Karkhi
Mech. Sci., 8, 289–298, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-8-289-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-8-289-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates the effect of electrode geometry on flushing capability and debris removal efficiency in Electrical Discharge Drilling process. Drilling operations on stainless steel 304 were performed using circular and side-cut electrodes. Experimental results were compared with respect to drilling performance as well as dimensional accuracy and surface quality of drilled holes. Three-phase three-dimensional CFD models were also developed to analyze the flow field at interelectrode gap.
Jieqiong Lin, Xian Jing, Mingming Lu, Yan Gu, and Jinguo Han
Mech. Sci., 8, 215–220, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-8-215-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-8-215-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The formation principle of 3-D cutting elliptical trajectory was analysed and a prediction model of tool wear was established in the present work. Besides, a self-developed three-dimensional elliptical vibration device was employed to conduct turning experiment. Compared with the proposed model, the experimental results showed a great agreement with the proposed prediction model. This work may provide a reference for the further optimization of the 3-D elliptical vibration cutting parameters.
D. Trimble, H. Mitrogiannopoulos, G. E. O'Donnell, and S. McFadden
Mech. Sci., 6, 51–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-6-51-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-6-51-2015, 2015
S. den Dunnen and G. J. M. Tuijthof
Mech. Sci., 5, 53–58, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-5-53-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-5-53-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Algamdi, A. S., Ramadan, M., Abdel Halim, K. S., and Fathy, N.: Microscopical
Characterization of Cast Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloys Reinforced with Graphene
Nanosheets, Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res., 8,
2514–2519, 2018.
ASM International: ASM Handbook: V15 Casting, ASM International, USA, 2008, 1149–1164, 2008.
Bykov, A. A.: Bimetal production and applications, Steel in Translation, 41,
778–786, doi.org/10.3103/S096709121109004X, 2011.
Campbell, J.: Castings, 2nd Edn., Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, United
Kingdom, 223–339, 1991.
Chen, Q. and Griffiths, W. D.: The investigation of the floatation of double
oxide film defect in liquid aluminium alloys by a four-point bend test,
Int. J. Cast Metal. Res., 32, 221–228, https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2019.1635348, 2019.
Chirita, G., Soares, D., and Silva, F. S.: Advantages of the centrifugal casting
technique for the production of structural components with Al-Si alloys,
Material. Design, 29, 20–27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2006.12.011, 2008.
Dispinar, D., Akhtar, S., Nordmark, A., Sabatino, M. D., and Arnberg, L.:
Degassing, hydrogen and porosity phenomena in A356, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 527,
3719–3725, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3534-0, 2010.
Fathy, N. and Ramadan, M.: Influence of volume ratio of liquid to solid and low
pouring temperature on interface structure of cast Babbitt-steel bimetal
composite, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1966, 020028, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5038707,
2018.
Groover, M. P.: Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes
and Systems, Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 223 pp., 2010.
Jiang, W., Li, G., Fan, Z., Wang, L., and Liu, F.: Investigation on the
interface characteristics of Al/Mg bimetallic castings processed by lost
foam casting, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 47, 2462–2470,
2016a.
Jiang, W., Fan, Z., Li, G., Yang, L., and Liu, X.: Effects of Melt-to-Solid
Insert Volume Ratio on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of
Al/Mg Bimetallic Castings Produced by Lost Foam Casting, Metall.
Mater. Trans. A, 47, 6487–6497, 2016b.
Jiang, W., Li, G., Wu, Y., Liu, X., and Fan, Z.: Effect of heat treatment on
bonding strength of aluminum/steel bimetal produced by a compound casting,
J. Mater. Process. Tech., 258, 239–250, 2018a.
Jiang, W., Jiang, Z., Li, G., Wu, Y., and Fan, Z.: Microstructure of Al/Al
bimetallic composites by lost foam casting with Zn interlayer, Mater.
Sci. Technol., 34, 487–492, https://doi.org/10.1080/02670836.2017.1407559,
2018b.
Jiang, Z., Fan, Z., Jiang, W., Li, G., Wu, Y., Guan, F., and Jiang, H.:
Interfacial microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg/Al bimetal
produced by a novel liquid-liquid compound casting process, J.
Mater. Process. Tech., 261, 149–158, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2990-x,
2018.
Kreider, G. K.: Metallic Matrix Composite, 1st Edn., Composite
Materials, Vol. 4, Academic Press, New York, London, p. 506, 1974.
Lee, C. J., Lee, J. M., Ryu, H. Y., Lee, K. H., Kim, B. M., and Ko, D. C.: Design of
hole-clinching process for joining of dissimilar materials – Al6061-T4
alloy with DP780 steel, hot-pressed 22MnB5 steel, and carbon fiber
reinforced plastic, J. Mater. Process. Tech. 214, 2169–78,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7363-0, 2014.
Li, G., Jiang, W., Yang, W., Jiang, Z., Guan, F., Jiang, H., and Fan, Z.: New
insights into the characterization and formation of the interface of
A356/AZ91D bimetallic composites fabricated by compound casting,
Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 50, 1076–1090, 2019.
Nayak, S., Nayak, R. K., Panigrahi, I., and Sahoo, A. K.: Tribo-Mechanical
Responses of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Hybrid Nanocomposites, Materials
Today: Proceedings, 18, 4042–4047, 2019.
Oghenevweta, J. E., Aigbodion, V. S., Nyior, G. B., and Asuke, F.: Mechanical
properties and microstructural analysis of Al-Si-Mg/carbonized maize stalk
waste particulate composites, J. King Saud. Univ. – Eng. Sci.,
28, 222–229, 2014.
Parida, A. K., Das, R., Sahoo, A. K., and Routara, B. C.: Optimization of cutting
parameters for surface roughness in machining of gfrp composites with
graphite/fly ash filler, Proc. Mater. Sci., 6, 1533–1538, 2014.
Parihar, R. S., Setti, S. G., and Sahu, R. K.: Recent advances in the manufacturing
processes of functionally graded materials: a review, Sci. Eng. Compos.
Mater., 25, 309–336, https://doi.org/10.1515/secm-2015-0395, 2018.
Rahvard, M. M., Tamizifar, M., Boutorabi, M. A., and Shiri, S. G.: Effect of
superheat and solidified layer on achieving good metallic bond between
A390/A356 alloys fabricated by cast-decant-cast process, Trans.
Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 24, 665–672, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63109-5,
2014.
Ramadan, M.: Interface characterization of bimetallic casting with a 304
stainless steel surface layer and a gray cast iron base, Adv. Mater.
Res., 1120, 993-998, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1120-1121.993,
2015.
Ramadan, M.: Interface Structure and Elements Diffusion of As-Cast and
Annealed Ductile Iron/Stainless Steel Bimetal Castings, Engineering,
Technol. Appl. Sci. Res., 8, 2709–2714, 2018.
Ramadan, M., Hafez, K. M., Abdel Halim, K. S., Fathy, N., Chiba, T., Sato, H.,
and Watanabe, Y.: Influence of Heat Treatment on Interface Structure of
Stainless Steel/Gray Iron Bimetallic Layered Castings, Appl. Mechan.
Mater., 873, 3–8, 2017.
Ramadan, M., Fathy, N., Abdel Halim, K. S., and Alghamdi, A. S.: New trends and
advances in bi-metal casting technologies, Int. J. Adv.
Appl. Sci., 6, 75–80, https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2019.02.011,
2019.
Ramadan, M., Ayadi, B., Rajhi, W., and Alghamdi, A. S.: Influence of Tinning
Material on Interfacial Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of
Al12Sn4Si1Cu/Carbon Steel Bimetallic Castings for Bearing Applications, Key Engineering Materials,
835, 108–114, 2020a.
Ramadan, M., Subhani, T., Rajhi, W., Ayadi, B., and Alghamdi, A. S.: A Novel
Technique to Prepare Cast Al-bearing alloy/Wrought Steel Bimetallic Specimen
for Interfacial Shear Strength, Int. J. Eng.
Adv. Technol., 9, 3322–3326, 2020b.
Ramadan, M., Alghamdi, A. S., Subhani, T., and Abdel Halim, K. S.:
Fabrication and Characterization of Sn-Based Babbitt Alloy Nanocomposite
Reinforced with Al2O3 Nanoparticles/Carbon Steel Bimetallic Material,
Materials, 13, 2759, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13122759, 2020c.
Ray, S., Rout, A. K., and Sahoo, A. K.: Development and characterization of
glass/polyester composites filled with industrial wastes using statistical
techniques, Indian J. Eng. Mater. Sci., 25,
169–182, 2018.
Sahoo, A. K. Pradhan, S., and Rout, A. K.: Development and machinability assessment
in turning Al/SiCp-metal matrix composite with multilayer coated carbide
insert using Taguchi and statistical techniques, Archiv. Civil
Mechan. Eng., 13, 27–35, 2013.
Scanlan, M., Browne, D. J., and Bates, A.: New casting route to novel
functionally gradient light alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A,
413/414, 66–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.09.004, 2005.
Tiedje, N. S., Taylor, J. A., and Easton, M. A.: Feeding and Distribution of
Porosity in Cast Al-Si Alloys as Function of Alloy Composition and
Modification, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 43, 4846–4858,
2012.
Tiryakioglu, M., Tiryakioglu, E., and Askeland, D. R.: Statistical Investigation
of the Effects of Shape, Size and Superheat on Solidification Times of
Castings, AFS Transactions 95, 907–913, 1997.
Tijani, Y., Heinrietz, A., Stets, W., and Voigt, P.: Detection and Influence
of Shrinkage Pores and Nonmetallic Inclusions on Fatigue Life of Cast
Aluminum Alloys, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 44, 5408–5415, 2013.
Wang, G., Huang, H., Yang, Z., Shi, X., and He, X.: Numerical Simulation on the
Die Filling Process of the Thixo-Forging of Al-7 wt pct Si/Al-22 wt pct Si
Bimetal Composite, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 46, 2121–2128,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-015-0404-0, 2015.
Wróbel, T.: Bimetallic layered castings alloy steel–grey cast iron,
Archiv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 48, 118–125, 2011.
Xiao, X., Ye, S., Yin, W., and Xue, Q.: HCWCI/Carbon Steel Bimetal Liner by
Liquid-Liquid Compound Lost Foam Casting, J. Iron Steel Res.
Int., 19, 13–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(12)60145-9, 2012.
Zhao, J., Zhao, W., Qu, S., and Zhang, Y.: Microstructures and mechanical
properties of AZ91D/0Cr19Ni9 bimetal composite prepared by liquid-solid
compound casting, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 29, 51–58,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(18)64914-3, 2019.
