Mechanical Sciences
Mechanical Sciences
Mechanical Sciences
Articles | Volume 16, issue 2
Articles | Volume 16, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-16-771-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/ms-16-771-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 16, issue 2
Review article
 | 
12 Nov 2025
Review article |  | 12 Nov 2025

Review article: Plant-inspired robotics: a comprehensive review based on on-/off-plant behaviours and future perspectives

Haitong Liang, Chenting Zhou, Yutong Wu, Shuzhi Wang, Ruihan Liu, Shunmei Wang, Yongjing Hu, Junyi Li, and Guangbo Hao

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Short summary
This review proposes a new framework which categorizes plant-inspired robots into two groups: robots inspired by on- and off-plant behaviors, regarding typical plant life cycle. This expandable framework can theoretically cover all plant-inspired robots. Two long-term conceptual research directions are suggested for plant-inspired robots: 1) natural plant optimization re-inspired by robotics based on synthetic biology and 2) development of exoplanet robots inspired by plant survival strategies.
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