To address the problems relating to the low efficiency and high labor intensity of manual operation in transplanting potted flower plug seedlings, an automatic bowl-clamping-type transplanting mechanism with a planetary gear train based on incomplete non-circular gear transmission is proposed.The design of the mechanism combines forward parameter modification (guiding optimization design) and reverse design, providing a reference for solving practical problems in flower seedling transplanting.

Soft continuum manipulators show great promise in minimal invasive surgery (MIS) due to their excellent adaptability and contact safety. In our recent work,  a novel braided manipulator based on fibrous materials is developed which features a thin-walled structure and a linear actuation response, enhancing its suitability for surgical environments. This paper studies effects of design parameters on its kinematical behaviors, which can provide a foundation for an optimized skeleton design.

In this paper, a three-axis 6-degree-of-freedom ship stabilization platform is proposed and a fuzzy adaptive proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is designed. Comparison with the PID controller shows that the regulation time of PID and fuzzy PID is 7 s and 3.5 s, respectively.  The fuzzy adaptive PID controller has high tracking accuracy and stability. Finally, the control user interface of the ship stabilization platform is designed based on Qt Creator.

A deformable wheel mechanism with a single-degree-of-freedom drive is proposed for improved obstacle crossing in emergency operations. Its kinematics and performance, including its stiffness and expansion ratio, are analyzed and verified through simulations. A lightweight, stable resin prototype enhances expansion and stiffness, showing high adaptability and effectiveness for special vehicle wheels.

The two-span three-support rotor is a typical structure of rotating machinery such as steam turbine units, compressor units, and water pumps. When the elevation of the sliding bearing changes, the misalignment excitation of the coupling and the stiffness damping of the bearing will change accordingly, which will affect the vibration characteristics of the rotor. This paper can provide theoretical guidance and data support for the structural design and fault diagnosis of the two-span three-support rotor.

In this work, firstly, a 3D model of a loading and unloading industrial robot was established. Then, kinematics and dynamics analyses were conducted. Subsequently, based on the results of the dynamics analysis, transient dynamics simulations were carried out to verify the strength and stiffness of the industrial robot, laying a solid foundation for subsequent optimization.

A special deformation prediction model for titanium alloy in thin wall machining is established and calibrated by micromilling experiments. The model has been successfully evaluated by micromilling experiments. It shows that the dimensional errors of the thin wall made of Ti-6Al-4V are significantly reduced after on-machine radial cutting depth compensations. The relative errors have been reduced from 16.5 % to 3.9 %.

The gear system with backlash is a strongly nonlinear system, and the widely used harmonic balance method cannot meet the requirements. Additionally, the quasi-periodic and unstable periodic motion analytical solutions may be derived, and the principle of chaos generation can be further explained. Therefore, the effect of the generalized harmonic balance method DTE (dynamic transmission error) on system bifurcation and stability is studied.

In this paper, kurtosis-based improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) is proposed to optimize the number of penalty factors and decomposition levels in variational mode decomposition (VMD). A method for fusing time domain metrics with entropy features and extracting their streamline features by principal component analysis (PCA) is also proposed. Experimental data validation shows that the method not only reduces the training time of the classification model but also improves the classification accuracy.

In this paper, an obstacle avoidance grasping path planning method based on monocular vision is proposed. This approach achieves 99.50 % recognition accuracy in complex scenes, and the smoothness and motion efficiency of the optimized trajectory are improved by about 60 % and 10 %, respectively.

In this paper, data-driven and genetic algorithms are combined to optimize the parameters of the Jonson–Cook model and improve the simulation accuracy. Experiments verify the accuracy of the model, and the influence of cutting data on the residual stress of the machined surface is discussed, which provides suggestions for the cutting process and tool design.

In Sect. 1, a coordinate system for tooth surface formation with cutter errors is established to derive the tooth surface equation. In Sect. 2, the tooth contact analysis model and load tooth contact analysis model are established, and the formulas of the tooth surface contact ellipse and main curvature direction angles are derived. In Sect. 3, the influences of the cutter errors on the contact ellipses, the tooth surface contact trace, and the loaded contact characteristics are analyzed.

This study explores a new way to power small flying vehicles by using their wing movements to generate electricity. By combining a special energy-harvesting material with flexible wings made from silk protein, the design produces steady power and reduces reliance on batteries. Tests showed improved energy efficiency and stability. This approach could lead to lighter, more sustainable aircraft for future use. 

The ambition to save weight could be satisfied by adaptation of additive manufacturing. A mild steel powder was validated for dynamically loaded damper brackets for a high-speed train. For mechanical values and dynamic load, conformity could be confirmed. To meet the expectations in static and dynamic load cases, the team has used mature software tools for design and optimization. 

A thermoelastic hydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) model with interface micro-texture (IMT) evaluates load-bearing capacity. The model characterises the textured interface with micro-convex peaks (MCPs) by introducing an equivalent scale factor and an optimised distribution density function. A mathematical framework quantifies anti-scuffing load-bearing capacity (ASLBC) under steady-state TEHL, revealing coupled stiffness–damping in a micro-textured meshing interface (MTMI) under dynamic loading.

Aiming at the problems existing in the multi-objective trajectory planning of industrial robotic arms, a trajectory optimization method based on the improved sparrow search algorithm is studied and proposed. The multi-objective optimization function is constructed using the 3–5–3 polynomial interpolation to build the trajectory model.

This study examines how adjusting the gap ratio (R_d) between diffuser and impeller blades in centrifugal compressors affects performance. Computer simulations reveal that increasing R_d improves airflow stability at critical stages, reducing energy losses caused by turbulent airflow. Higher R_d also lowers the minimum airflow requirement and enhances pressure recovery, leading to better efficiency. 

In this paper, a new rotor rub-impact fault diagnosis method is proposed. The more sensitive fault features associated with the dynamics information are achieved based on the dynamic convolutional neural network. The experiment shows that the proposed method can obtain better diagnosis performance compared with traditional methods and that it has achieved the highest diagnosis accuracy of 98.5 % without noise and 98 % with noise. 

Bearing fault is a common reason for failure in industrial electric motors. The analysis of vibration signals measured on bearings in electric motors is challenging due to the presence of multiple cyclic components not related to a fault, which affects the analysis. This article aims to explain the structure of vibration signals measured on motor bearings using cyclostationary analysis, which investigates the content of cyclic components of the signal, which are crucial for interpreting faults.

To enhance chatter monitoring in polishing and grinding, we propose a model fusing deep separable convolutional neural networks (DCNN) and Gated Recurrent Unit. Signals are preprocessed via optimized variational mode decomposition (VMD) and wavelet denoising. The squeeze excitation deep separable convolutional neural networks gated recurrent units (SE-DCNN-GRU) model employs depth-wise convolution for multi-scale feature extraction. Experiments achieve 98.8 % accuracy for titanium alloy parts, offering a robust solution for complex conditions.

In this study, the characteristics of the machined surface defects of AISI M2 workpieces were investigated, and their causes were analysed. The correlation between the turning parameters and the roughness S_a of the three-dimensional surface of the workpieces was also analysed, and the metamorphic layer and mechanical properties of the machined surface were explored.

This study developed a new method to improve the comfort and safety of agricultural vehicle seats by reducing harmful vibrations. Using a smart combination of modeling and real-time control, the system adapts to different road conditions more effectively than existing solutions. Tests showed that this approach greatly lowered vibration levels. The research helps protect drivers' health and sets the stage for smarter vehicle suspension systems.

This article designs a three-degrees-of-freedom (3-DoF) series-parallel stabilisation platform (SPSP), analyses the platform's degrees of freedom, establishes an error model, and analyses the degree to which each error affects the attitude error of the moving platform when inputting a sine signal, as well as the degree to which each error source affects the attitude error of the moving platform at a certain attitude. 

To enhance the convergence speed, accuracy, and high-dimensional constrained optimization problem-solving capability of the traditional gray wolf optimization algorithm, an improved gray wolf optimization algorithm is proposed by integrating an optimal individual memory strategy, a position update strategy with differential variance, and a discrete crossover factor. Experimental results show that the improved algorithm outperforms other comparative ones.

In this paper, we propose a data dynamic network for data enhancement for bearing defect identifications. Nodes and edges of data are constructed for the establishment of a data dynamic network. Together with the feature fusion techniques, the energy, recurrence rates, and amplitude–frequency spectra are reconstructed in the time-delayed phase space for preparation of bearing defect identification. The accuracy for bearing defect identification reaches up to 98.5 %.

We designed a dual-chamber dispersed charge high-pressure opening and low-pressure response gas-guided self-locking control after-spray weapon scheme.

In this study, we established a wheel–soil coupling simulation system to simulate the interaction between the flexible metal wheels of a staffed lunar rover and the deformable terrain during a steering maneuver. This system can accurately reproduce the discontinuous characteristics of lunar soil simulant and the deformation characteristics of flexible wheels and has been used to conduct simulation experiments under Earth gravity (1g) and Moon gravity (1/6g) conditions.

This paper presents a novel rehabilitation mechanism for patients with unilateral motor deficits. Its core principle is "the sound side drives the affected side", using a single-degree-of-freedom mechanical system where the patient's healthy limbs power the movement of their impaired ones. The device consists of an eight-bar leg mechanism, a six-bar arm mechanism, and a back transmission system to ensure coordinated contralateral motion. Design validity was confirmed via simulation and a prototype.

This paper presents a 4-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism with Schönflies motion analyzed by screw theory. An improved beluga whale optimization algorithm with chaotic opposition initialization, elite retention, and golden sine update is proposed for forward kinematics, achieving higher accuracy, robustness, and convergence speed than other methods. MATLAB and Adams co-simulation confirms consistency between model and dynamics, verifying feasibility and reliability.

The design and analysis of a wearable device that can deliver short-duration perturbations on a human limb without external mechanical connections is described. A robotic manipulator with parallel legs that allows only translational motion is proposed for this task. Three designs are compared with respect to their stiffness and sensitivity to clearance in the joints. The addition of an additional leg or additional links improves the performance.

This review proposes a new framework which categorizes plant-inspired robots into two groups: robots inspired by on- and off-plant behaviors, regarding typical plant life cycle. This expandable framework can theoretically cover all plant-inspired robots. Two long-term conceptual research directions are suggested for plant-inspired robots: 1) natural plant optimization re-inspired by robotics based on synthetic biology and 2) development of exoplanet robots inspired by plant survival strategies.