This study tackles overheating in deep-sea LED fish-attracting lamps under extreme heat. A new cooling approach combines special surface patterns, chimney airflow, and heat pipes. The lamp housing is reshaped to channel heat efficiently from the light source to the outer shell. Fine surface textures at key contacts further improve heat flow. Tests show this reduces peak temperature by 6.73% compared to conventional designs, offering an effective solution for high-power underwater lighting.

Gear shafts in ships and machines work under heavy loads. Striking a metal surface with rapid ultrasonic pulses makes it harder, smoother and longer-lasting by squeezing its outer layer. But warmth during operation may weaken this benefit. We treated a steel gear shaft this way, then kept it warm. The surface stayed hard and smooth; heat only slightly eased the squeezing, while hardening remained intact. Computer predictions matched our tests, supporting safe use of this method in warm service.

This study examines deep-sea gear lubrication challenges under extreme conditions, including high pressure, with a focus on EHL (elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication) theory and interface texturing advances. Critical gaps remain in multi-physics coupling and synergistic texture-coating interactions. The paper proposes a research roadmap integrating multi-scale modelling, surface engineering optimization, experimental validation, and industrial implementation to enable robust deep-sea transmission systems.

A thermoelastic hydrodynamic lubrication (TEHL) model with interface micro-texture (IMT) evaluates load-bearing capacity. The model characterises the textured interface with micro-convex peaks (MCPs) by introducing an equivalent scale factor and an optimised distribution density function. A mathematical framework quantifies anti-scuffing load-bearing capacity (ASLBC) under steady-state TEHL, revealing coupled stiffness–damping in a micro-textured meshing interface (MTMI) under dynamic loading.