@Article{ms-2026-174,
AUTHOR = {Zhang, Y. and Ren, Z. and Cao, S. and Lv, L. and Pang, X. and Ren, K. and Zhang, H.},
TITLE = {Structural Characterization of Excavator Working Device Based on Measured Digging Trajectories and Different Working Loads},
JOURNAL = {Mechanical Sciences Discussions},
VOLUME = {2026},
YEAR = {2026},
PAGES = {1--18},
URL = {https://ms.copernicus.org/preprints/ms-2026-174/},
DOI = {10.5194/ms-2026-174}
}