<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">MS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Mechanical Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">MS</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Mech. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2191-916X</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/ms-2-51-2011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Continuum robots and underactuated grasping</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Giri</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Walker</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>08</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>51</fpage>
<lpage>58</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2011 N. Giri</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://ms.copernicus.org/articles/2/51/2011/ms-2-51-2011.html">This article is available from https://ms.copernicus.org/articles/2/51/2011/ms-2-51-2011.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://ms.copernicus.org/articles/2/51/2011/ms-2-51-2011.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://ms.copernicus.org/articles/2/51/2011/ms-2-51-2011.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>We discuss the capabilities of continuum (continuous backbone) robot
structures in the performance of under-actuated grasping. Continuum robots
offer the potential of robust grasps over a wide variety of object classes,
due to their ability to adapt their shape to interact with the environment
via non-local continuum contact conditions. Furthermore, this capability can
be achieved with simple, low degree of freedom hardware. However, there are
practical issues which currently limit the application of continuum robots
to grasping. We discuss these issues and illustrate via an experimental
continuum grasping case study.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;i&gt;This paper was presented at the IFToMM/ASME International Workshop on Underactuated Grasping (UG2010), 19 August 2010, Montréal, Canada.&lt;/i&gt;</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="8"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="ref1">
<label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Anderson, V. C. and Horn, R. C.: Tensor Arm Manipulator Design, Transactions of the ASME, 67-DE-57, 1–12, 1967. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref2">
<label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Bernstein, B., Hall, D. A., and Trent, H. M.: On the Dynamics of a Bull Whip, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 30(12), 1112–1115, 1958. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref3">
<label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Bicchi, A.: Hands For Dexterous Manipulation and Robust Grasping: A Difficult Road Towards Simplicity, IEEE T. Robotic. Autom., 16(6), 652–662, 2000. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref4">
<label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Chrikjian, G. S.: Theory and Applications of Hyperredundant Robotic Mechanisms, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Applied Mechanics, California Institute of Technology, 1992. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref5">
<label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Cieslak, R. and Morecki, A.: Elephant Trunk Type Elastic Manipulator – a Tool for Bulk and Liquid Type Materials Transportation, Robotica, 17, 11–16, 1999. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref6">
<label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Csencsits, M.: Operational Strategies for Continuum Manipulators, M.S. Thesis, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref7">
<label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Csencsits, M., Jones, B. A., McMahan, W., Iyengar, V., and Walker, I. D.: User Interfaces for Continuum Robot Arms, Proc. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Edmonton, Canada, 3011–3018, August 2005. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref8">
<label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Donald, B., Gariepy, L., and Rus, D.: Distributed Manipulation of Multiple Objects using Ropes, Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 450–457, 2000. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref9">
<label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Hannan, M. W. and Walker, I. D.: Kinematics and the Implementation of an Elephant&apos;s Trunk Manipulator and other Continuum Style Robots, J. Robotic Syst., 20(2), 45–63, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref10">
<label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Hirose, S.: Biologically Inspired Robots, Oxford University Press, 1993. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref11">
<label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Jones, B. and Walker, I. D.: Practical Kinematics for Real-Time Implementation of Continuum Robots, IEEE T. Robot., 22, 6, 1087–1099, 2006a. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref12">
<label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Jones, B. and Walker, I. D.: Kinematics for Multi-Section Continuum Robots, IEEE T. Robot., 22, 1, 43–55, 2006b. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref13">
<label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Kato, I. and Sadamoto, K..: Mechanical Hands Illustrated, Survey Japan, 1977. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref14">
<label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Lane, D. M., Davies, J. B. C., Robinson, G., O&apos;Brien, D. J., Sneddon, J., Seaton, E., and Elfstrom, E.: The AMADEUS Dextrous Subsea Hand: Design, Modeling, and Sensor Processing, IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 24, 1, 96–111, 1999. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref15">
<label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> McMahan W., Pritts, M., Chitrakaran, V., Dienno, D., Grissom, M., Jones, B., Csencsits, M., Rahn, C. D., Dawson, D., and Walker, I. D.: Field Trials and Testing of &quot;OCTARM&quot; Continuum Robots, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2336–2341, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref16">
<label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> McMahan, W. and Walker, I. D.: Octopus-Inspired Grasp Synergies for Continuum Manipulators, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, 945–950, 2009. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref17">
<label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Robinson, G. and Davies, J. B. C.: Continuum Robots - A State of the Art, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2849–2854, 1999. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref18">
<label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Robson, J. M.: The Physics of Flycasting, Am. J. Phys., 58(3), 234–240, 1990. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref19">
<label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Salisbury, K., Townsend, W., Ebrman, B., and DiPietro, D.: Preliminary Design of a Whole-Arm Manipulation System (WAMS), Proc. IEEE International. Conference on Robotics and Automation, 254–260, 1988. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref20">
<label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Suzumori, K., Iikura, S., and Tanaka, H.: Development of Flexible Microactuator and it&apos;s Applications to Robotic Mechanisms, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Sacramento, California, 1622–1627, 1991. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref21">
<label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Trivedi, D., Rahn, C. D., Kier, W. M., and Walker, I. D.: Soft Robotics: Biological Inspiration, State of the Art, and Future Research, Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 5(2), 99–117, 2008. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref22">
<label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Walker, I. D., Dawson, D., Flash, T., Grasso, F., Hanlon, R., Hochner, B., Kier, W. M., Pagano, C., Rahn, C. D., and Zhang, Q.: Continuum Robot Arms Inspired by Cephalopods, Proc. SPIE Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology VII, Orlando, FL, 303–314, 2005. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref23">
<label>23</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> www.anirudh.net/courses/emch520/html/, last access: 19~January~2011. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref24">
<label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> www.barrett.com, last access: 19~January~2011. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>